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Man, State and Law in Pavel Novgorodtsev's Thought
Zemánek, Ladislav ; Nykl, Hanuš (advisor) ; Kosáková, Hana (referee)
The thesis is concerned with theoretical work of the Russian legal philosopher P. I. Novgorodtsev, focusing on the concepts of natural law, social ideal, individualism, liberalism, rule of law and democracy. Novgorodtsev's interpretation of these concepts is embedded into broader contexts of both Russian and Western political philosophy and philosophy of law. Novgorodtsev's work is analysed with regards to Russian liberal doctrine transformations from classical liberalism towards liberal socialism. The thesis discloses progressive moments in the author's thought demonstrating ways as to develop them. Problems in question are inquired into through the prism of A. Honneth's critical theory of society which enables to approach the subject matter in its historical variability and conditionality and, at the same time, maintaining normativity. The aim of the thesis is not only to assess Novgorodtsev's work topicality and contribution but also critically research into relevant problems in terms of the chosen topic, primarily metaphysical roots of liberalism and its limits as to the notion of man, state and law. The thesis shows that the Russian philosopher offered reformulations of old concepts not being able, however, to go beyond the liberal paradigm. Hence his texts cannot be utilized for overcoming...
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Between Liberalism and Socialism: Pavel Novgorodtsev, Bogdan Kistyakovsky, Sergei Gessen and Georges Gurvitch
Zemánek, Ladislav ; Kosáková, Hana (referee)
The thesis is concerned with Russian intellectuals' paths towards a new philosophical and ideological synthesis which would demonstrate ability to offer an adequate solution of the social crisis in the 20th century. Being based on a philosophical analysis and comparative method it exposes both merits and shortcomings of the chosen authors, common motifs and main developmental tendencies. Following A. Walicki, the analysis is subordinated to the narrative of the evolution from Social Liberalism towards Liberal Socialism embodied in the work of V. S. Solovyov, P. I. Novgorodtsev, B. A. Kistyakovsky, S. I. Gessen, G. D. Gurvitch and M. V. Vishniak. Attention is paid to legal and political aspects of Liberalism and Socialism considering the dualism of individualism and collectivism, atomism and intersubjectivity, natural and positive law, private and public ownership, free market and state interventionism, popular sovereignty and sovereignty of law, utopism and anti-utopism, freedom and equality, universalism and particularism, revolution and reformism. The thesis attempts to give an answer to the question wheather or to what extent the synthesis of Liberalism and Socialism is possible. In the end it emerges that the synthesis is possible requiring, however, inclusion of conservative elements.
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Man, State and Law in Pavel Novgorodtsev's Thought
Zemánek, Ladislav ; Nykl, Hanuš (advisor) ; Kosáková, Hana (referee)
The thesis is concerned with theoretical work of the Russian legal philosopher P. I. Novgorodtsev, focusing on the concepts of natural law, social ideal, individualism, liberalism, rule of law and democracy. Novgorodtsev's interpretation of these concepts is embedded into broader contexts of both Russian and Western political philosophy and philosophy of law. Novgorodtsev's work is analysed with regards to Russian liberal doctrine transformations from classical liberalism towards liberal socialism. The thesis discloses progressive moments in the author's thought demonstrating ways as to develop them. Problems in question are inquired into through the prism of A. Honneth's critical theory of society which enables to approach the subject matter in its historical variability and conditionality and, at the same time, maintaining normativity. The aim of the thesis is not only to assess Novgorodtsev's work topicality and contribution but also critically research into relevant problems in terms of the chosen topic, primarily metaphysical roots of liberalism and its limits as to the notion of man, state and law. The thesis shows that the Russian philosopher offered reformulations of old concepts not being able, however, to go beyond the liberal paradigm. Hence his texts cannot be utilized for overcoming...
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